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Explore the networking protocols and technologies used by the device to connect to Wi-Fi networks, Bluetooth devices, and cellular data services.

Networking Documentation

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Getting list of wifi networks nearby with a specific prefix
I'm building an app that helps manage my own wifi access points. Now, all my wifis emit SSIDs starting with the same prefix. Is it possible for me to list down all the SSIDs near me that start with that prefix, so that determine which of my wifis are near me? (Swift) Can NEHotspotHelper or NEHotspotConfigurationManager help in this regard?
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313
Feb ’25
URLSessionWebSocketTask. on/off wifi, reconnect but get error URLError.notConnectedToInternet. Reproduce on iOS 18
We use URLSessionWebSocketTask for web socket connection. When get error we reconnect - recreate new URLSessionWebSocketTask. Test case: off wifi on iOS device; get error(s) URLError.notConnectedToInternet. When on wifi correct create new task with connect. This working on iOS 12, 14, 15, 16, 17. But on iOS 18 we get error URLError.notConnectedToInternet without correct connection. class WebSocketManager { ... func openConnection() { webSocketTask?.cancel(with: .goingAway, reason: nil) webSocketTask = urlSession?.webSocketTask(with: urlRequest) webSocketTask?.resume() listen() } func closeConnection() { webSocketTask?.cancel(with: .goingAway, reason: nil) webSocketTask = nil } private func listen() { webSocketTask?.receive { [weak self] result in guard let self else { return } switch result { case .failure(let error): delegate?.webSocketManager(self, error: error) case .success(let message): switch message { case .string(let text): delegate?.webSocketManager(self, message: .text(text)) case .data(let data): delegate?.webSocketManager(self, message: .data(data)) @unknown default: fatalError() } listen() } } } } Delegate: func webSocketManager(_ webSocketManager: WebSocketManagerType, error: Error) { webSocketManager.openConnection() }
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313
Feb ’25
Local network permission provided but App still has no access (Mac Catalyst)
Context: I work on Home Assistant App, a smart home platform which connects locally to their smart home server. The Apps essentially needs the local network permission and every single user gives the permission, but some in macOS 15.3 are reporting that even though the permission is given, the app still reports it is not, and logs also confirm that. Since there is no way to reset local network permission on macOS I am kind of on a dead end here. How can the user get out of this situation? I also read https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/763753?answerId=824036022&replyId=824036022 and the TN3179 but still no solutions for my case.
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439
Feb ’25
How can implement iOS esim in-app activation
Esim activation. Assuming I already have card data, I use the universal link https://esimsetup.apple.com/esim_qrcode_provisioning?carddata= to install it. However, it always ends up in the system Settings app. The flow: 1. Click the link -> 2. Redirect to Settings -> 3. Show activation dialog. Is there anyway to make the activation flow stay within the app? I couldn't find any documentation for that. This is an example from Revolut app, where the whole flow above happens without leaving the app.
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393
Feb ’25
Need help on MDM Profile for Transparent Proxy
We have an application which is written in Swift, which activates two network extensions (Content Filter, Transparent Proxy). We want to use MDM deployment for these network system extensions. For Content Filter, we already have Jamf Profile which has Web Content Filter payload and it works fine. Our Transparent Proxy module is a system extension, which is exposing an app proxy provider interface (We are using NETransparentProxyProvider class and in extension’s Info.plist we use com.apple.networkextension.app-proxy key.) We don’t have any remote server setup to forward the traffic, instead we open a connection with a certain localhost:port to redirect the traffic which is received in our transparent proxy. We have another module that listens to the particular localhost:port to process the traffic further. We are unable to find the appropriate payload in any of the Profile Editor applications like Apple Configurator, iMazing Profile Editor and Jamf Pro that correctly describes our setup. As per https://developer.apple.com/documentation/devicemanagement/vpn/transparentproxy documentation, we noticed that we can use the VPN payload with app-proxy as Provider Type for Transparent Proxy. Here are the list of issues encountered with different MDM solutions. **AppleConfigurator: ** We were able to install the profile created via Apple Configurator. However when we install our product (which has the above mentioned system extensions), the Transparent Proxy added by our product fails to map with the installed profile. User has to provide the credentials and follow the steps while installing the extension via the product. Attached the screenshot of "Network->Filters" screen and the profile for reference. Profile Created using Apple Configurator iMazing Profile Editor: Unable to install the profile created using iMazing Profile Editor. Attached the screenshot of error and the profile for reference: Profile Created Using iMazing Profile Editor Jamf Pro: We were able to install the profile created via Jamf Pro and also while in stalling our product the Transparent Proxy gets mapped with the one which is installed via profile. However after that the network is broken and hence unable to browse anything. Attached the profile for reference. Profile Created using Jamf Pro What should be the correct profile payload to use for our Transparent Proxy?
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635
Feb ’25
Failed to enable the Network Extension
In my application, there is a Network Extension with the bundle ID com.xxx.agent.yyy.zzz.ne. There is a user upgraded their system to macOS Sequoia 15.3, they faced an issue where enabling this Network Extension failed. Even after uninstalling the application and the Network Extension, restarting the system, and reinstalling multiple times, the enabling process still failed. it alert: Failed to enable the Network Extension. When checking the status via "systemextension list", it always shows "activated waiting for user". This shows the normal enabling process log: This shows the log when the enabling fails upon clicking. Strangely enough, there is no activation operation log when it fails. What could be the problem?
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Feb ’25
macOS Network Extension Code Signature Error
We are migrating our iOS app to macOS. On iOS, it works fine. But when I try and run on macOS and connect to the VPN, I am getting an error like failed to fetch /Users/stuart/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/app-byzvshkqegwzqxgervfswmsughkm/Build/Products/Debug/<app_name>.app/Contents/PlugIns/<network_extension_name>.appex/Contents/_CodeSignature/CodeRequirements-1 error=-10. If I have Settings -> VPN open, it rapidly is connecting and disconnecting. Is there anything I need to do specific to macOS to make this work? Or is this related to a broken code signature? Thanks in advance!
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372
Feb ’25
browseResultsChangedHandler called multiple times
I'm working on a game that uses NWBrowser and NWListener to create a connection between an iOS and tvOS app. I've got the initial networking up and running and it works perfectly when running in the simulator(s). However, when I run on-device(s), I've found that browseResultsChangedHandler gets called multiple times for what is ostensibly the same service. My browser handler (which runs on iOS) looks like this: browser.browseResultsChangedHandler = { [weak self] results, changes in if let result = browser.browseResults.first { self?.onPeerConnected?(PeerConnection(endpoint: result.endpoint)) } } The first time it gets called, the interface in the NWBrowser.Result is en0, but the 2nd time it gets called, it is en0 AND awdl0. Because my current handling is so naive, this re-invocation ends up with two connections being made to the remote server (the Apple TV). Now, I know that this handler, by its very name, is designed to be called multiple times as things change, so I'm curious as to what strategies I might employ here. Is there any value in tearing down any previous connections and re-connecting using the latest one? Should I just kill the browser as soon as I handle the first one? Just ignore subsequent ones? I'm sure that, to a degree, the answer is probably "it depends"... but I'm curious to see if there might be at least some high-level strategies like "whatever you do, don't do xxxx" or "most apps do yyyy" :-) Thanks.
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378
Feb ’25
Network Extension Unexpectedly Terminated by iOS
We are experiencing an issue where our iOS app’s network extension (acting as a VPN) is being unexpectedly terminated by the operating system. The termination appears identical to a user-initiated stop, as the extension receives the following call: NEProviderStopReasonUserInitiated. The issue occurs sporadically but can happen 10–20 times per day on devices with less than 10% free storage. On one affected device, opening the Camera app (or using the camera within another app like WhatsApp) consistently triggers the issue, making it easily reproducible. Memory consumption does not seem to be the cause—the extension is stopped while using only ~10MB of memory, well below the 50MB limit. We noticed a pattern related to swap usage: • On affected devices, the “Swap Used” column shows very low values (a few MB). • On unaffected devices, swap usage is significantly higher (hundreds of MB). • This is the only clear difference we’ve observed. The issue occurs across different device models and iOS versions (18.2.1 and 17.6.1). It also happens across different app builds (compiled with Xcode 15.x and Xcode 16.x). We found a similar report on the Apple Developer Forums: 🔗 https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/108149 Has anyone else encountered this behavior with Network Extensions? Could low swap usage or system resource constraints be a factor? Any suggestions for debugging or potential workarounds would be greatly appreciated.
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Feb ’25
Is there a way to turn off Network Extension Logs?
Hello, I'm developing a Transparent Proxy and I noticed that the Network Extension Framework logs in the Unified Logging System when my profile receives a flow, its source application, its destination endpoint, and my profile's decision regarding that flow. I worry that this may compromise the user's privacy. So is there a way that I can turn off these logs at least in Distribution Configurations?
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463
Feb ’25
macOS 15.3 Local Network Permission regressions
Hi folks, I would like to ask for clarification regarding Local Network Policy. I found 2 cases where I think the behaviour differs from the documentation. 1. Use case In a CI environment, we have multiple services (LaunchAgents) which require Local Network Access. We are fine by manually approving the Local Network Permission once (per service), but we also require these services to be able to self-update. Self update results in downloading the a binary with an (obviously) different UUID, which seems to result in re-triggering the Local Network Consent prompt. Strange thing: If I don't click either buttons (Allow of Reject), just restart macOS, it will result in an enabled entry in Privacy &amp; Security &gt; Local Network. I read a reply somewhere on this forum by an Apple engineer that the approval process is a mix of Bundle ID + UUID + other components, so I would expect a new binary with the same properties (but different UUID) to be already whitelisted. Is this behaviour intended? 2. Use Case Given the first issue, I decided to do this in the "right way". I was happy to read this sentence in the documentation: If you ship a launchd agent that’s not installed using SMAppService, make macOS aware of the responsible code by setting the AssociatedBundleIdentifiers property in your launchd property list. I have a properly setup (and code signed) Application, for which I have enabled Local Network permission in Privacy &amp; Security. I have a standalone LaunchAgent, which runs a long running binary from a user directory. The agent is managed with launchd, and in this sense it is "independent" from the main Application Bundle. I have setup AssociatedBundleIdentifiers in the Agent plist, to associate it with the Application. The TeamIdentifier of the 2 binaries are the same. Based on the documentation, this should be enough for my agent to signal macOS that the responsible code is the Application Bundle (which is already enabled from Local Network POV). Instead, once the LaunchAgent starts, the Local Network Consent popup appears for the binary. I would expect the Application to be the responsible code, thus no more Consent popup. Is this behaviour intended? I need this service to run as user, so I cannot just circumvent the Consent popup by running as a Daemon or Root. Nor I would like to manage the Agent with ServiceManagement. What do you guys think, have I misunderstood the documentation?
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Feb ’25
MainActor in Network Extension
I am adopting Swift Concurrency in my network extension app to use Swift 6 protections. In the UI app I ended up with most of the app marked as MainActor, so that pieces of my app can keep seamless access to each other and at the same time have thread safe access. When it comes to my network extension, does it make sense to also mark most of the code as MainActor for the purposes of thread safety and seamless access of most classes to each other? I have doubts, because MainActor sounds like it should be a UI think, but network extension has no UI Of course any long or blocking operations would not be MainActor
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460
Feb ’25
In-tunnel networking when `includeAllNetworks` is set.
When setting up a packet tunnel with a profile that has includeAllNetworks set to true, we seemingly cannot send any traffic inside the tunnel using any kind of an API. We've tried using BSD sockets, as we ping a host only reachable within the tunnel to establish whether we have connectivity - this does not work. When using NWConnection from the Network framework and specifying the required interface via virtualInterface from the packet tunnel, the connection state never reaches ready. Our interim solution is to, as ridiculous as it sounds, include a whole userspace networking stack so we can produce valid TCP packets just to send into our own tunnel. We require a TCP connection within our own tunnel to do some configuration during tunnel setup. Is there no better solution?
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438
Feb ’25
When updating a VPN app with `includeAllNetworks`, the newer instance of the packet tunnel is not started via on-demand rules
When installing a new version the app while a tunnel is connected, seemingly the old packet tunnel process gets stopped but the new one does not come back up. Reportedly, a path monitor is reporting that the device has no connectivity. Is this the expected behavior? When installing an update from TestFlight or the App store, the packet tunnel instance from the old tunnel is stopped, but, due to the profile being on-demand and incldueAllNetworks, the path monitoring believes the device has no connectivity - so the new app is never downloaded. Is this the expected behavior? During development, the old packet tunnel gets stopped, the new app is installed, but the new packet tunnel is never started. To start it, the user has to toggle the VPN twice from the Settings app. The tunnel could be started from the VPN app too, if we chose to not take the path monitor into account, but then the user still needs to attempt to start the tunnel twice - it only works on the second try. As far as we can tell, the first time around, the packet tunnel never gets started, the app receives an update about NEVPNStatus being set to disconnecting yet NEVPNConnection does not throw. The behavior I was naively expecting was that the packet tunnel process would be stopped only when the new app is fully downloaded and when the update is installed, Are we doing something horribly wrong here?
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Feb ’25
Can we create a MDM profile for Transparent Proxy without remote server address
We have an application which is written in Swift, which activates network extension (Transparent Proxy). We want to use MDM deployment for this network system extension. Our Transparent Proxy module is a system extension, which is exposing an app proxy provider interface (We are using NETransparentProxyProvider class and in extension’s Info.plist we use com.apple.networkextension.app-proxy key.) We don’t have any remote server setup to forward the traffic, instead we open a connection with a certain localhost:port to redirect the traffic which is received in our transparent proxy. We have another module that listens to the particular localhost:port to process the traffic further. As per https://developer.apple.com/documentation/devicemanagement/vpn/transparentproxy documentation, we noticed that we can use the VPN payload with app-proxy as Provider Type for Transparent Proxy. We were able to install the profile created via Jamf Pro and also while in stalling our product the Transparent Proxy gets mapped with the one which is installed via profile. However after that the network is broken and hence unable to browse anything. We are suspecting the remote server filed is causing this. So we tried creating the custom profile without remote server address for VPN payload, but we are unable to install the profile. It throws below error: 2025-02-11 16:43:55.193348+0530 0x2f880 Error 0x0 6815 0 mdmclient: (NetworkExtension) [com.apple.networkextension:] Failed to save configuration DGWebProxy because it is invalid: Error Domain=NEConfigurationErrorDomain Code=2 "configuration is invalid: Missing server address" UserInfo={NSLocalizedDescription=configuration is invalid: Missing server address}
2025-02-11 16:43:55.193376+0530 0x2f880 Error 0x0 6815 0 mdmclient: (NetworkExtension) [com.apple.networkextension:] NEProfileIngestion Error occurred when saving configuration 'DGWebProxy': configuration is invalid: configuration is invalid: Missing server address 
2025-02-11 16:43:55.196159+0530 0x2f880 Error 0x0 6815 7 mdmclient: [com.apple.ManagedClient:CPDomainPlugIn] [ERROR] [0:MDMDaemon:CPDomainPlugIn:<0x2f880>] <<<<< PlugIn: InstallPayload [NEProfileIngestionPlugin] Error: Error Domain=ConfigProfilePluginDomain Code=-319 "The ‘VPN Service’ payload could not be installed. The VPN service could not be created." UserInfo={NSLocalizedDescription=The ‘VPN Service’ payload could not be installed. The VPN service could not be created.} <<<<<
2025-02-11 16:43:55.196826+0530 0x2f880 Error 0x0 6815 7 mdmclient: [com.apple.ManagedClient:MDMDaemon] [ERROR] [0:MDMDaemon:<0x2f880>] [CE] PlugIn_InstallPayload ==> Error Domain=ConfigProfilePluginDomain Code=-319 "The ‘VPN Service’ payload could not be installed. The VPN service could not be created." UserInfo={NSLocalizedDescription=The ‘VPN Service’ payload could not be installed. The VPN service could not be created.} Can we create MDM profile for Transparent Proxy without remote server address?
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432
Feb ’25
Multipeer connectivity not working due to Local network permission in iOS 18
Hello, I have been testing my app in iOS 18 device and while creating a server with TCP, then apple make a request for local network permission automatically. If we don't allow the permission, the connection not working. We are getting the connection timeout error even after allowing again from device setting. Has something changed in the flow for iOS 18 version? Can someone help me to solve this issue?
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437
Feb ’25
Use proxy for http request from iOS device
I'm simply trying to use a proxy to route a http request in Swift to measure the average round trip time of a list of proxies. I've went through multiple Stack Overflow threads on this topic but they are all super old / outdated. format:host:port:username:password I also added the info.plist entry: NSAllowsArbitraryLoads -&gt; NSExceptionDomains When I call the function below I am prompted with a menu that says "Proxy authentication required. Enter the password for HTTP proxy ... in settings" I closed this menu inside my app and tried the function below again and it worked without giving me the menu a second time. However even though the function works without throwing any errors, it does NOT use the proxies to route the request. Why does the request work (throws no errors) but does not use the proxies? I'm assuming it's because the password isn't entered in the settings as the alert said. My users will want to test proxy speeds for many different Hosts/Ports, it doesn't make sense to enter the password in settings every time. How can I fix this issue? func averageProxyGroupSpeed(proxies: [String], completion: @escaping (Int, String) -&gt; Void) { let numProxies = proxies.count if numProxies == 0 { completion(0, "No proxies") return } var totalTime: Int64 = 0 var successCount = 0 let group = DispatchGroup() let queue = DispatchQueue(label: "proxyQueue", attributes: .concurrent) let lock = NSLock() let shuffledProxies = proxies.shuffled() let selectedProxies = Array(shuffledProxies.prefix(25)) for proxy in selectedProxies { group.enter() queue.async { let proxyDetails = proxy.split(separator: ":").map(String.init) guard proxyDetails.count == 4, let port = Int(proxyDetails[1]), let url = URL(string: "http://httpbin.org/get") else { completion(0, "Invalid proxy format") group.leave() return } var request = URLRequest(url: url) request.timeoutInterval = 15 let configuration = URLSessionConfiguration.default configuration.connectionProxyDictionary = [ AnyHashable("HTTPEnable"): true, AnyHashable("HTTPProxy"): proxyDetails[0], AnyHashable("HTTPPort"): port, AnyHashable("HTTPSEnable"): false, AnyHashable("HTTPUser"): proxyDetails[2], AnyHashable("HTTPPassword"): proxyDetails[3] ] let session = URLSession(configuration: configuration) let start = Date() let task = session.dataTask(with: request) { _, _, error in defer { group.leave() } if let error = error { print("Error: \(error.localizedDescription)") } else { let duration = Date().timeIntervalSince(start) * 1000 lock.lock() totalTime += Int64(duration) successCount += 1 lock.unlock() } } task.resume() } } group.notify(queue: DispatchQueue.main) { if successCount == 0 { completion(0, "Proxies Failed") } else { let averageTime = Int(Double(totalTime) / Double(successCount)) completion(averageTime, "") } } }
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496
Feb ’25
Wifi connection made with NEHotspotConfigurationManager gets disconnected
I'm using the NEHotspotConfigurationManager class, with joinOnce = false, to connect to a Wi-Fi network that lacks internet access (IoT device). After restarting my iPhone, the first connection to this network disconnects automatically in less than a minute. All subsequent connections remain stable without disconnecting. What could be causing this?
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332
Feb ’25