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Explore the networking protocols and technologies used by the device to connect to Wi-Fi networks, Bluetooth devices, and cellular data services.

Networking Documentation

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macOS Sequoia No Route to Host on first request. Retries work.
My app has local network permission on macOS Sequoia and works in most cases. I've noticed that after unlocking my MacBook Pro, the very first request will regularly fail with a No Route to Host. A simple retry resolves the issue, but I would have expected the very first request to succeed. Is this is a known issue on macOS Sequoia or by design? I'd prefer not to add a retry for this particular request as the app is a network utility.
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1
2k
Apr ’25
iOS 26: "TLS failed with error: -9808"
Our app server is having some TLS related issue with the new iOS 26 (It works with iOS 18 and below). When opening the domain url in iPhone Safari browser with iOS 26, it showing the error as below: We followed the instructions from this link (https://support.apple.com/en-sg/122756), to run the following command: nscurl --tls-diagnostics https://test.example in Terminal app. It shows TLS failed with error: -9808 Could anyone please help explain what exactly the issue is with our server certificate, and how we should fix it? Thanks so much!
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537
Sep ’25
Does URLSession support ticket-based TLS session resumption
My company has a server that supports ticket-based TLS session resumption (per RFC 5077). We have done Wireshark captures that show that our iOS client app, which uses URLSession for REST and WebSocket connections to the server, is not sending the TLS "session_ticket" extension in the Client Hello package that necessary to enable ticket-based resumption with the server. Is it expected that URLSession does not support ticket-based TLS session resumption? If "yes", is there any way to tell URLSession to enable ticket-based session resumption? the lower-level API set_protocol_options_set_tls_tickets_enabled() hints that the overall TLS / HTTP stack on IOS does support ticket-based resumption, but I can't see how to use that low-level API with URLSession. I can provide (lots) more technical details if necessary, but hopefully this is enough context to determine whether ticket-based TLS resumption is supported with URLSession. Any tips / clarifications would be greatly appreciated.
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713
Aug ’25
Installing our app interferes with network connection in another app
Apologies if this is not the correct topic to post under. EpochField 5.2 is our application. It's a .NET MAUI application built against XCode 16. A customer of ours uses another app, TN3270, to connect to a mainframe host. After installing our app on an iPad and restarting the device, the TN3270 app will disconnect when suspended. Uninstalling our app (EpochField) will allow the TN3270 to suspend without disconnecting. We have tried removing background services, setting UIRequiresFullScreen to false or removing it entirely, and several other ideas. The only remedy seems to be uninstalling EpochField. On an iPad device: Install MochaSoft’s TN3270 app (free version is fine). Create a connection to ssl3270.nccourts.org, port 2023, SSL/TLS turned on, keep alive turned on. Verify that you can connect. Suspend the app by swiping up or choosing another app. Go back to TN3270 and verify that the app has not disconnected. Install EpochField 5.2. Do not run or configure the app, just install it. Repeat step 2. Restart the device. Open EpochField 5.2. You do not need to configure the app or login. Sometimes it isn't necessary to ever open EpochField to get the disconnects, but this is the most reliable way to reproduce the situation. Repeat step 2. The TN3270 app will now disconnect when suspended, even if EpochField is closed. You may need to wait a few seconds after suspending. Uninstall EpochField 5.2. Repeat step 2: the TN3270 app will now remain connected when suspended.
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226
Dec ’25
Disable Local Network Access permission check
I'm using a Mac Studio in a homelab context and use Homebrew to manage the installed services. The services include things that access the local network, for example Prometheus which monitors some other servers, a reverse proxy which fronts other web services on the network, and a DNS server which can use another as upstream. Local Network Access permissions make it impossible to reliably perform unattended updates of services because an updated binary requires a GUI login to grant local network permissions (again). I use brew services to manage the services as launchd agents, i.e. they run in a non-root GUI context. I know that I can also use sudo brew services which instead installs the services as launchd daemons, but running services as root has negative security implication and generally doesn't look like a good idea to me. If only there was a way to disable local network access checks altogether…
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9h
NEAppPushProvider blocked from local network access even when container app has permission
Hi everyone, I’m encountering what appears to be a system-level issue with NEAppPushProvider extensions being unable to communicate with other devices on the local network, even when the main app has already been granted Local Network permission by the user. Context The following problem occurs in an iPad app running iOS 18.5. The main app successfully requests and is granted Local Network access via NSLocalNetworkUsageDescription in its Info.plist configuration. It can connect to a WebSocket server hosted on the local network without any issues, resolving its address by name. The extension (NEAppPushProvider) uses the same networking code as the app, extended via target membership of a controller class. It attempts to connect to the same hostname and port but consistently fails to establish a connection. The system log shows it properly resolving DNS but being stopped due to "local network prohibited". An extract of the logs from the Unified Logging System: 12:34:10.086064+0200 PushProvider [C526 Hostname#fd7b1452:8443 initial parent-flow ((null))] event: path:start @0.000s 12:34:10.087363+0200 PushProvider [C526 Hostname#fd7b1452:8443 waiting parent-flow (satisfied (Path is satisfied), interface: en0[802.11], ipv4, dns, uses wifi)] event: path:satisfied @0.005s 12:34:10.090074+0200 PushProvider [C526 Hostname#fd7b1452:8443 in_progress parent-flow (satisfied (Path is satisfied), interface: en0[802.11], ipv4, dns, uses wifi)] event: flow:start_connect @0.006s 12:34:10.093190+0200 PushProvider [C526.1 Hostname#fd7b1452:8443 in_progress resolver (satisfied (Path is satisfied), interface: en0[802.11], ipv4, dns, uses wifi)] event: resolver:start_dns @0.009s 12:34:10.094403+0200 PushProvider [C526.1.1 IPv4#f261a0dc:8443 waiting path (unsatisfied (Local network prohibited), interface: en0[802.11], ipv4, uses wifi)] event: path:unsatisfied @0.010s 12:34:10.098370+0200 PushProvider [C526.1.1.1 IPv4#f261a0dc:8443 failed path (unsatisfied (Local network prohibited), interface: en0[802.11], ipv4, uses wifi)] event: null:null @0.014s 12:34:10.098716+0200 PushProvider [C526.1 Hostname#fd7b1452:8443 failed resolver (satisfied (Path is satisfied), interface: en0[802.11], ipv4, dns, uses wifi)] event: resolver:children_failed @0.015s 12:34:10.099297+0200 PushProvider [C526 Hostname#fd7b1452:8443 waiting parent-flow (satisfied (Path is satisfied), interface: en0[802.11], ipv4, dns, uses wifi)] event: flow:child_failed @0.016s What I’ve Confirmed: The extension works perfectly if the DNS is changed to resolve the name to a public IP instead of a local one. The extension always connects by hostname. Devices on the local network can resolve each other’s IP addresses correctly and respond to pings. What I’ve Tried Adding NSLocalNetworkUsageDescription to the main app’s Info.plist, as recommended. Clean building the project again. Removing and reinstalling the app to ensure permission prompts are triggered fresh. Restarting the iPad. Ensuring main app cannot access the local network until the permission is granted. Ensuring the main app has connected to the same hostname and port before the extension attempts a connection Toggling the permission manually in Settings. Apple’s documentation states (TN3179): “In general, app extensions share the Local Network privilege state of their container app.” It also notes that some background-running extension types may be denied access if the privilege is undetermined. But in my case, the main app clearly has Local Network access, and the extension never receives it, even after repeated successful connections by the main app. Question Is this a known limitation with NEAppPushProvider? Is there a recommended way to ensure the extension is able to use the local network permission once the user has granted it on the app? Any feedback, suggestions, or confirmation would be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance.
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157
Aug ’25
NEVPNConnectionErrorDomainPlugin code 7 on URLFilter sample code
Hello, I have been playing around the the SimpleURLFilter sample code. I keep getting this error upon installed the filter profile on the device: mapError unexpected error domain NEVPNConnectionErrorDomainPlugin code 7 which then causes this error: Received filter status change: <FilterStatus: 'stopped' errorMessage: 'The operation couldn’t be completed. (NetworkExtension.NEURLFilterManager.Error error 14.)'> I can't find much info about code 7. Here is the configuration I am trying to run: <Configuration: pirServerURL: 'http://MyComputer.local:8080' pirAuthenticationToken: 'AAAA' pirPrivacyPassIssuerURL: 'http://MyComputer.local:8080' enabled: 'true' shouldFailClosed: 'true' controlProviderBundleIdentifier: 'krpaul.SimpleURLFilter.SimpleURLFilterExtension' prefilterFetchInterval: '2700.0'>
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1
327
Nov ’25
Web Socket and HTTP connection will work under under a carrier-provided satellite network?
We are currently working on enhancing our iOS app with satellite mode support, allowing users to access a limited set of core features even in the absence of traditional cellular or Wi-Fi connectivity. As part of this capability, we're introducing a chatbot feature that relies on both WebSocket and HTTP connections for real-time interaction and data exchange. Given the constrained nature of satellite networks—especially in terms of latency, bandwidth, and connection stability—we're evaluating the feasibility of supporting these communication protocols under such conditions. Could you please advise whether WebSocket and HTTP connections are expected to work over satellite networks?
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235
Jul ’25
NSURLErrorDomain Code=-1003 ... again!
This happens when trying to connect to my development web server. The app works fine when connecting to my production server. The production server has a certificate purchased from a CA. My development web server has a locally generated certificate (from mkcert). I have dragged and dropped the rootCA.pem onto the Simulator, although it doesn't indicate it has been loaded the certificate does appear in the Settings app and is checked to be trusted. I have enabled "App Sandbox" and "Outgoing connections (Client)". I have tested the URL from my local browser which is working fine. What am I missing?
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731
Jul ’25
Issue Sending Multicast Packets Across Multiple Interfaces Using NWConnectionGroup
Hi everyone, I'm currently working on a project where I need to send multicast packets across all available network interfaces using Apple Network Framework's NWConnectionGroup. Specifically, the MacBook (device I am using for sending multicast requests, MacOS: 15.1) is connected to two networks: Wi-Fi (Network 1) and Ethernet (Network 2), and I need to send multicast requests over both interfaces. I tried using the .requiredInterface property as suggested by Eskimo in this post, but I’m running into issues. It seems like I can't create an NWInterface object because it doesn't have any initializers. Here is the code which I wrote: var multicast_group_descriptor : NWMulticastGroup var multicast_endpoint : NWEndpoint multicast_endpoint = NWEndpoint.hostPort(host: NWEndpoint.Host("234.0.0.1"), port: NWEndpoint.Port(rawValue: 49154)!) var connection_group : NWConnectionGroup var multicast_params : NWParameters multicast_params = NWParameters.udp var interface = NWInterface(NWInterface.InterfaceType.wiredEthernet) I get following error: 'NWInterface' cannot be constructed because it has no accessible initializers I also experimented with the .requiredInterfaceType property. Even when I set it to .wiredEthernet and then change it to .wifi, I am still unable to send requests over the Wi-Fi network. Here is the code I wrote: var multicast_params : NWParameters multicast_params = NWParameters.udp multicast_params.allowLocalEndpointReuse = true multicast_params.requiredInterfaceType = .wiredEthernet var ip = multicast_params.defaultProtocolStack.internetProtocol! as! NWProtocolIP.Options ip.disableMulticastLoopback = true connection_group = NWConnectionGroup(with: multicast_group_descriptor, using: multicast_params) connection_group.stateUpdateHandler = { state in print(state) if state == .ready { connection_group.send(content: "Hello from machine on 15".data(using: .utf8)) { error in print("Send to mg1 completed on wired Ethernet with error \(error?.errorCode)") var params = connection_group.parameters params.requiredInterfaceType = .wifi connection_group.send(content: "Hello from machine on 15 P2 on Wi-Fi".data(using: .utf8)) { error in print("Send to mg1 completed on Wi-Fi with error \(error?.errorCode)") } } } } Is this expected behavior when using NWConnectionGroup? Or is there a different approach I should take to ensure multicast requests are sent over both interfaces simultaneously? Any insights or suggestions would be greatly appreciated! Thanks in advance, Harshal
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623
Mar ’25
Content Filter Providers in unsupervised and unmanaged iOS devices
I'm looking at implementing an iOS app that has includes a Content Filter Provider to block access to certain domains when accessed on the device. This uses NEFilterManager, NEFilterDataProvider and NEFilterControlProvider to handle configuration and manage the network flows and block as necessary. My question is can you deploy this in an iOS 18+ app on the App Store to devices which are unmanaged, unsupervised and don't use Screen Time APIs? Although not 100% clear, this technote seems to say it is not possible: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/Technotes/tn3134-network-extension-provider-deployment Testing this on a Developer device and build works successfully without any MDM profiles installed. A similar approach using the same APIs also works on macOS once user permissions have been given. If it can't work on unsupervised, unmanaged iOS devices, is possible for the user to first manually install a MDM profile which includes the required 'Content Filter' details and then have it work? If not, how would you filter iOS network traffic on an unmanaged, unsupervised device? Is it necessary to use a VPN or DNS approach instead (which may be a lot less privacy compliant)?
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445
Feb ’25
packet-tunnel-provider-systemextension doesn't work
I am currently creating a MacOS app that uses NetworkExtension and SystemExtension without going through the Store. Using entitlements, I manually codesign and create a pkg Installer, but when I run it I get an error message saying "No matching profile found." Below is the log /Applications/Runetale.app/Contents/MacOS/Runetale not valid: Error Domain=AppleMobileFileIntegrityError Code=-413 "No matching profile found" UserInfo={NSURL=file:///Applications/Runetale.app/, unsatisfiedEntitlements=&lt;CFArray 0x71c040fa0 [0x1f7bec120]&gt;{type = immutable, count = 3, values ​​= ( 0 : &lt;CFString 0x71c04f340 [0x1f7bec120]&gt;{contents = "com.apple.developer.system-extension.install"} 1 : &lt;CFString 0x71c1ccaf0 [0x1f7bec120]&gt;{contents = "com.apple.developer.networking.networkextension"} 2 : &lt;CFString 0x71c04fc00 [0x1f7bec120]&gt;{contents = "com.apple.developer.team-identifier"} )}, NSLocalizedDescription=No matching profile found} I looked into it myself and found that if you want to install the app without going through the Store, you need to use packet-tunnel-provider-systemextension instead of packet-tunnel-provider. here However, simply changing to packet-tunnel-provider-systemextension does not allow the build to pass. I use a build method that changes the value of entitlements only during codesign in order to pass the build. SYSEXT="$APP_BUNDLE/Contents/Library/SystemExtensions/com.runetale.desktop.PacketTunnel.systemextension" if [ -d "$SYSEXT" ]; then echo "Signing PacketTunnel system extension with entitlements..." cp macos/PacketTunnel/PacketTunnelRelease.entitlements macos/PacketTunnel/PacketTunnelRelease-sign.entitlements sed -i '' 's/packet-tunnel-provider/packet-tunnel-provider-systemextension/' macos/PacketTunnel/PacketTunnelRelease-sign.entitlements codesign --force --options runtime --timestamp --entitlements "$ENTITLEMENTS_FILE" --sign "$DEV_ID_APP_CERT" "$SYSEXT" fi # 3. Sign the entire .app bundle (deep sign by signing the outer app after inner ones) echo "Signing Runetale App with entitlements..." cp macos/Runner/Release.entitlements macos/PacketTunnel/Release-sign.entitlements sed -i '' 's/packet-tunnel-provider/packet-tunnel-provider-systemextension/' macos/PacketTunnel/Release-sign.entitlementsmacos/PacketTunnel/Release-sign.entitlements codesign --force --options runtime --timestamp --entitlements "$APP_ENTITLEMENTS_FILE" --sign "$DEV_ID_APP_CERT" "$APP_BUNDLE" Is this build method wrong? The next solution I'm thinking of is as follows. Is there a way to write packet-tunnel-provider-systemextension directly to entitlments and pass the build? (provisioning profile?) Apply to forum and get permission to use packet-tunnel-provider-systemextension Thank you.
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201
Apr ’25
Will an iPhone reconnect automatically to a wifi network we connected to previously with joinOnce = false?
PLATFORM AND VERSION: iOS Development environment: Xcode 15.3, macOS 14.7.1 (23H222) Run-time configuration: iOS 18.3.1 DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM: Our app uses NEHotspotConfigurationManager with joinOnce set to false to connect to an IoT device's Wi-Fi hotspot. Later, we programmatically disconnect from this hotspot. We are wondering if, after this programmatic disconnection, there is a possibility that the iPhone will automatically reconnect to the hotspot (even when our app is not running). Does it matter if the hotspot's SSID is hidden or not? This concern arises because the iPhone is already familiar with the hotspot's network configuration. Our testing indicates that this does not happen, but we want to be certain. This is a behavior we do NOT want to occur. We set joinOnce to false because we experience connectivity issues with the IoT device when joinOnce is true (there are several discussions in forums regarding issues with setting it to true). Thank you. Thanks.
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393
Mar ’25
iPhone 17(iOS26) Unable to join the Wi-Fi(TKIP)
Device: iPhone 17 Series System: iOS 26.0.0 Wi-Fi: TKIP encryption protocol Question: Unable to join the network We have several products that are used by connecting to iPhone via Wi-Fi. Recently, many customers who have purchased the iPhone 17 series have reported that they are unable to connect to Wi-Fi. For Wi-Fi with TKIP encryption, after entering the password correctly to connect to the Wi-Fi, a pop-up appears stating "Unable to join the network.". Only Wi-Fi with WPA2-AES can be used normally. Before that, during the iPhone 11 era or even earlier, the TKIP encryption method was in normal use. However, the new iPhone models were incompatible with it, which obviously caused great inconvenience. I hope the engineers can fix this issue to support Wi-Fi with older encryption protocols.
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553
Dec ’25
Inquiry Regarding Differences in Wi-Fi Authentication and Encryption Between iPhone 16 Series and Other iOS 18.3 Devices
I am trying to connect an iPhone 16 (iOS 18.3) to a Wi-Fi device with the SSID "DIRECT-DR_6930_KP201128", but every time, without being able to enter the Wi-Fi password, the message "Unable to join the network 'DIRECT-DR_6930_KP201128'" is displayed. Below are the system logs from the connection failure. Could you please tell me the cause of the connection failure? By the way, an iPhone SE 2nd (iOS 18.2.1) can connect to the same Wi-Fi device without any issues. System Logs: ・Jan 31 19:18:14 900-iPhone-16-docomo Preferences(WiFiKit)[351] : {ASSOC-} association finished for DIRECT-DR_6930_KP201128 - success 0 ・Jan 31 19:18:14 900-iPhone-16-docomo runningboardd(RunningBoard)[33] : Assertion 33-351-4412 (target:[app<com.apple.Preferences(DE1AB487-615D-473C-A8D6-EAEF07337B18)>:351]) will be created as inactive as start-time-defining assertions exist ・Jan 31 19:18:14 900-iPhone-16-docomo Preferences(WiFiKit)[351] : association failure: (error Error Domain=com.apple.wifikit.error Code=12 "Unknown Error" UserInfo={NSDebugDescription=Unknown Error, NSUnderlyingError=0x303307660 {Error Domain=com.apple.corewifi.error.wifid Code=-3938 "(null)"}}) ・Jan 31 19:18:14 900-iPhone-16-docomo Preferences(WiFiKit)[351] : dismissing credentials view controller for DIRECT-DR_6930_KP201128
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640
Mar ’25
Reduced certificate lifespan: CA root
I have some concerns related to shortening the lifetime of certificates, as per https://support.apple.com/en-gb/102028 Does this apply to Private CA root certificates? And if yes: does it apply if I use ATS and higher level API like URLSession does it apply it I carry my root CA cert in my app payload and use low level libraries without ATS support?
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523
Feb ’25
WebAuthenticationSession under a carrier-provided satellite network?
(related post: How to optimize my app for for a carrier-provided satellite network? ) I am trying to implement an app so that it works under a carrier-provided satellite network. The app uses (AS)WebAuthenticationSession for signing in. If the app is entitled to access a satellite network, will (AS)WebAuthenticationSession work as well? How about WKWebView and SFSafariViewController? Is there a way to test(simulate) a ultra-constrained network on a device or a simulator to see the expected behavior? Thanks,
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431
Jul ’25